Owners of patent RU 2629252:
The invention relates to the field of poultry, in particular to a method of maintaining the parent flock of chickens. The method includes keeping poultry in a cell battery under controlled light conditions and twice feeding, which coincides with the peaks of bird activity. In the period between the evening activity peak, 2.5-3 hours before the light turns off in the room, and the morning peak of activity, the grid of the cell battery is set in a horizontal position to ensure effective mating and return to its original inclined position 2.5 hours after the light is turned on . The use of the invention will improve the fertilization of eggs and hatching chicks. 1 tab.
The invention relates to the field of poultry, namely the content of breeding chickens in cellular batteries.
At present, the cellular content of poultry is widespread. When the chickens in the cages they have higher egg production and safety, lower feed costs for products. However, the “rigid” constructive and spatial framework of the cell does not take into account the biological characteristics of the bird. Thus, when chickens and roosters are caged together in cages, compared with floor keeping, the fertilization of eggs is lower and, consequently, the hatching of chickens is lower.
There is a method of keeping parental flocks of chickens in cellular batteries (Starchikov N., Dogadaev A. Reproductive qualities of roosters depending on growing methods / Collection of scientific papers of VNITIP and VNIIBP. Zagorsk, 1975, vol. 39. - P. 36-39) . In this method, 3 healthy, selected on the exterior of roosters are planted in a cage, and then 30 even-aged chickens are planted to them. The parent flock is completed at the age of 150 days. From the same age begin to collect eggs for incubation. Chickens and roosters are contained in cellular batteries. The ratio of roosters to chickens 1-8 ÷ 10. Floors in cages have a slope angle of 6-7 °, for rolling eggs from a cage onto an egg picker belt. Feeding birds carried out three times a day, in the period from 8 to 17 hours of the day.
The disadvantages of this method of keeping birds:
- low fertility of eggs, therefore, low hatching of chickens during incubation,
- a high level of injury of chickens when mating with roosters,
- the method does not take into account the biological characteristics of the bird.
As a prototype, we have chosen the method of keeping chickens (A.S. USSR №1711755). The method consists in the fact that the first feeding of chickens in the amount of 35-40% of the daily diet is carried out when the light is turned on during the period of the highest aggressiveness of the bird, the rest of the diet is fed 1.5-2 hours before the light goes off. Feeding coincides with two peaks of sexual and aggressive activity, which makes it possible to halve the aggressiveness of males, increase egg production by 2-3 eggs per layer during the breeding season, increase fertility.
- low sexual activity of roosters, which is the result of unfinished cages, occurring due to the high angle of inclination of the floor in the cage,
- low fertilization of eggs, because the sloping cage floor (compared to traditional floor content) is a hindrance to the effective mating of the rooster with the chicken.
The technical result is to increase the fertility of eggs by ensuring the effectiveness of mating and hatching.
The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known method of keeping a parental flock of chickens, including keeping a bird in a cage battery with an adjustable light mode and twice feeding, coinciding with the peaks of bird activity, according to the invention between the evening peak of activity, 2.5-3 hours before turning off the light in the room, and with the morning peak of activity, the bottom grid of the cell battery is placed in a horizontal position to ensure effective mating and return to its original inclined position 2.5 hours after turning on the light.
It is known that in chickens there are two peaks of motor activity during the day: the morning one - within two hours from the moment the light is turned on, and the evening - two hours before the light goes off. At the same time, two-peak motor activity includes particular forms of manifestation: egg-laying, sexual activity, and fodder activity, and they appear rhythmically and evolutionarily conditioned. The claimed technical solution differs from the prototype in that the podnuyu lattice cell battery in a horizontal position coincides with two peaks of sexual activity of the bird, which contributes to the efficiency of mating cocks with chickens, and this, in turn, increases the fertility of eggs and hatch. In addition, the percentage of injured chickens during mating is reduced. This allows to make a conclusion about the compliance of the proposed technical solution the criterion of "novelty."
According to the scientific, technical and patent information, the claimed combination of features has not been identified, which allows us to conclude about the inventive step of the proposed technical solution.
The claimed method is industrially applicable, because can be used in the cage maintenance of parental herds at poultry enterprises without significant costs.
At present, in our opinion, it is impossible to fully realize the productive potential of chickens and roosters, not taking into account the rhythms of bird activity during the day.
In chickens, motor activity has a double-top profile (as in nature), and in the house it is rigidly connected with the time of switching the light on and off. The first peak of activity (morning) starts from the moment of switching on the light in the house and lasts 2.5 hours and the second peak of activity (evening) appears 2.5-3 hours before the light goes off. Sexual and feeding activity, aggressiveness of individuals are private forms of motor activity and have the same profile. The morning peak of feed activity is due to the desire of chickens to be fed with food after the night, in connection with this, they often approach the feeders and drinkers.
An increase in fodder activity leads to an increase in sexual activity, due to an increase in the number of matings and attempts. The level of correlation between these indicators of activity is positive and ranges from +0.26 to +0.62 depending on age. Evening peak of feed activity is associated with the consumption of nutrients for the period of the night and the formation of eggs, which also occurs at night. Feeding at the beginning of each peak sharply reduces aggressiveness, as chickens and roosters stretch along the entire feeding front. At the same time, the dispersal of chickens throughout the cage contributes to an increase in the sexual activity of roosters. Experiments conducted on birds at other ages also confirmed the regularity of the appearance of the morning and evening peak in accordance with the switching on and off of the light.
It has been established that the efficiency of mating of a rooster with a chicken on a horizontal footing grid of a cellular battery is 15-20% higher than when mating on a floor with a slope of 6-13 typical cell batteries. Thus, at the peak of sexual activity, the position of the podnoy lattice of the cell should be horizontal, and during the egg-laying period, in order for the eggs to roll down to the egg-collector, it should be inclined. This position of the pasture grid in certain peaks of bird activity will more fully correspond to the biology of the bird.
The method is as follows.
They contain the bird in a cage battery with an adjustable light mode and twice feeding, which coincides with the peaks of bird activity. In the period between the evening activity peak, 2.5-3 hours before the light turns off in the room, and the morning peak of activity, the grid of the cell battery is set in a horizontal position to ensure effective mating and return to its original inclined position 2.5 hours after the light is turned on .
An example implementation of the method
According to the principle of analogues, two groups of chickens of the parent flock of Ross 308 cross-country at the age of 190 days, 300 heads each, were formed. Feeding conditions throughout the experiment were the same for both groups. The control group was placed in typical cell batteries with a pitch angle of 6–7 °, and the experimental group was placed in cell batteries with an adjustable foot grid. The light regime in the cell batteries of the control and experimental groups is regulated. When the morning light was turned on in two groups, the first feeding was carried out in the amount of 35-40% of the diet, while the outgoing gratings of the cells of the experimental group were in a horizontal position. Within 2 hours from the moment of switching on the light, the morning peak of sexual activity appears in both groups. 2.5 hours after switching on the light in the cells of the experimental group, the lower gratings are lowered to an inclination angle of 6-7 degrees. 2.5-3 hours before the lights go off in the experimental group, the gratings are placed in a horizontal position. Observations on the behavior of chickens showed that in the period of daylight, when in the experimental group the grating is in a horizontal position, the efficiency of mating of roosters increases. This increases the safety of chickens, because when mating on a horizontal floor, the cage cocks are confident and they do not injure chickens with claws.
The efficiency of mating and fertilization of eggs in two groups of parent flocks are presented in the table.
The result of the increased efficiency of mating cocks is an increase in fertility of chicken eggs by 0.8-1.5%, and the output of chickens increased by 2.5-3.5%. Improving the safety of chickens due to the fact that when they mate on the horizontal floor of the cage, roosters are confident and they do not injure the chickens with claws.
The method of keeping the parent flock of chickens, including keeping the bird in the cell battery with adjustable light mode and feeding twice, coinciding with the peaks of bird activity, characterized in that during the period between the evening peak of activity, 2.5-3 hours before the light goes out in the room, and the morning peak of activity, the bottom grid of the cell battery is placed in a horizontal position to ensure effective mating and return to its original inclined position 2.5 hours after the light is turned on.
Rules for the maintenance of the parent flock of chickens
1. Temperature and humidity
Observe the correct temperature conditions. The air temperature in the chicken coop with adult chickens should be maintained at 16-180C.
The humidity should be 60-70%.
2. Ventilation
The house should be regularly ventilated: stagnant air can lead to the growth of pathogenic bacteria, which in the first place cause damage to the respiratory tract of birds.
3. Hygiene
AT keeping chickens Hygiene plays an important role - the health of chickens and offspring depends on it.
Feeders and drinkers should be placed away from the roosts to avoid contamination of water and feed by droppings and feathers. You can not put the drinker on the litter: constantly spilling water on litter will lead to dampness and moldiness.
Drinking bowls and feeders should be thoroughly washed, especially when feeding with mashes.
Water should be regularly changed, the presence of sediment or silt in it is unacceptable.
The litter should be loose and dry. During the laying of eggs, it should not be too deep, otherwise the chickens will be carried directly to the litter. Completely change the litter every 2 weeks.
4. The correct light mode
During the laying of eggs, one should adhere to a certain light regime - egg production is directly related to the length of the daylight hours.
In closed chicken coops and in cage housing, when chickens do not have street walking, intermittent lighting is used. Every hour of daylight is divided into 15 minutes of light and 45 minutes of darkness.
5. Balanced nutrition
It is also necessary to pay attention to the feeding ration of the parent flock of chickens. Food must be balanced in nutrients, trace elements and vitamins. During egg-laying, calcium and phosphorus should be added to the diet.
Improper feeding can lead to inflammation of the intestine, which will weaken the digestibility of the feed and immediately affect the productive qualities of chickens.
A low amount of protein will reduce weight gain, and a large amount of carbohydrate foods will lead to obesity.
6. Vaccination
In the right keeping chickens vaccination is also important.
Not later than 5 weeks before laying, chickens are vaccinated against bird encephalomyelitis. Inactivated vaccine is administered intramuscularly. In endemic areas, live vaccine is used.
All birds must be vaccinated against infectious bronchitis of birds. The vaccine is fed with water or administered intranasally to each individual.
Vaccination against smallpox is carried out in areas unsuccessful due to illness.
There is no vaccination against chickens salmonellosis, therefore, it is regularly necessary to take an analysis for the presence of salmonella pullorum.
Correct keeping chickens - the key to success in breeding birds.
